4^th International Conference on Advanced Steel Structures November 09-10, 2017 Singapore

Structural Analysis is the analysis of a given structure subjected to some given loads and the idea is to predict the response of the structure, as you may know that this is exactly what is expected of all sciences. It is the application of solid mechanics to predict the response in terms of forces and displacements of a given structure. It could be an existing structure or a new structure subject to specified loads.It includes the application of a Matrix method for nonlinear geometric or second order elastic analysis and critical load prediction of structures.

A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley. Research in bridge engineering drives the use of new construction methods, components and materials. Current areas of investigation are Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) in seismic regions using prefabricated segmental construction, multiple-hazard mitigation, and response modification devices.

Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes. An earthquake (or seismic) engineer aims to construct structures that will not be damaged in minor shaking and will avoid serious damage or collapse in a major earthquake. Seismic structural analysis is a powerful tool of earthquake engineering which utilizes detailed modeling of the structure together with methods of structural analysis to gain a better understanding of seismic performance of building and non-building structures.

Construction technology is a related field that deals more with the practical aspects of projects. Construction technologists or construction technicians learn some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers and some of the project site management aspects similar to construction managers. These technicians are unique such that they are a cross between civil engineers and construction managers. It  deals with the designing, planning, construction, and management of infrastructures such as roads, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects.

Prestressed structure is a  construction material which is placed under compression prior to it supporting any applied loads (i.e. it is "pre" stressed).This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength "tendons" located within or adjacent to the concrete or steel volume, and is done to improve the performance of the structure in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire strands or threaded bars, and are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, carbon fiber or aramid fiber. The essence of prestressed structure is that once the initial compression has been applied, the resulting material has the characteristics of high-strength concrete when subject to any subsequent compression forces, and of ductile high-strength steel when subject to tension forces. This can result in improved structural capacity and serviceability compared to conventionally reinforced concrete in many situations.

Fabrication is the process used to manufacture steelwork components that will, when assembled and joined, form a complete frame. The frame generally uses readily available standard sections that are purchased from the steelmaker or steel stockholder, together with such items as protective coatings and bolts from other specialist suppliers. The steel-framed building derives most of its competitive advantage from the virtues of prefabricated components, which can be assembled speedily at site.

Structural members that are made up of two or more different materials are known as composite elements. The main benefit of composite elements is that the properties of each material can be combined to form a single unit that performs better overall than its separate constituent parts. The most common form of composite element in construction is a steel-concrete composite, however, other types of composites include; steel-timber, timber-concrete, plastic-concrete etc.

The resistance offered by a structure to undesirable movement like sliding, collapsing and over turning etc. is called stability. structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the structures is unaffected by small perturbations.

A foundation is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures. Foundations are designed to have an adequate load capacity depending on the type of subsoil supporting the foundation by a geotechnical engineer, and the footing itself may be designed structurally by a structural engineer. The primary design concerns are settlement and bearing capacity.

It deals with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Engineering geologists       perform geotechnical investigations to obtain information on the physical properties of soil and rock underlying (and sometimes adjacent to) a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures, and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions. A geotechnical investigation will include surface exploration and subsurface exploration of a site. 

Green building or sustainable building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Construction practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.