5^th International Conference on Steel and Concrete Structures August 29-30, 2018 Tokyo, Japan

The study of strength of materials often refers to various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio in addition the mechanical element's macroscopic properties (geometric properties), such as its length, width, thickness, boundary constraints and abrupt changes in geometry such as holes are considered.

Structural Analysis is the analysis of a given structure subjected to some given loads and the idea is to predict the response of the structure, as you may know that this is exactly what is expected of all sciences. It is the application of solid mechanics to predict the response in terms of forces and displacements of a given structure. It could be an existing structure or a new structure subject to specified loads. It includes the application of a Matrix method for nonlinear geometric or second order elastic analysis and critical load prediction of structures.

A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley. Research in bridge engineering drives the use of new construction methods, components and materials. Current areas of investigation are Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) in seismic regions using prefabricated segmental construction, multiple-hazard mitigation, and response modification devices.

Construction technology is a related field that deals more with the practical aspects of projects. Construction technologists or construction technicians learn some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers and some of the project site management aspects similar to construction managers. These technicians are unique such that they are a cross between civil engineers and construction managers. It  deals with the designing, planning, construction, and management of infrastructures such as roads, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects.

Steel Construction is the development of a metal structure created with steel for the internal support and for exterior. Investigation of different motor parameters, for example, High Performance basic steel, Material Quality & Control, Cold formed steel, Non structured steel, Future trends in steel structures, Advanced sustainable material, Sustainable steel structure, composite construction. Advantages are there of utilizing steel are steel is cost effective, energy efficient product which does not simply warp, buckle, twist or bend, and is therefore easy to modify and offers design flexibility.

Concrete Technology refers to the qualities explained why concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks and superhighways, houses and dams. It addresses the properties of concrete needed in construction applications, including strength and durability, and provides guidance on all aspects of concrete from mix design to batching, mixing, transporting, placing, consolidating, finishing, and curing.

Prestressed structure is a  construction material which is placed under compression prior to it supporting any applied loads (i.e. it is "pre" stressed).This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength "tendons" located within or adjacent to the concrete or steel volume, and is done to improve the performance of the structure in service. Tendons may consist of single wires, multi-wire strands or threaded bars, and are most commonly made from high-tensile steels, carbon fiber or aramid fiber. The essence of prestressed structure is that once the initial compression has been applied, the resulting material has the characteristics of high-strength concrete when subject to any subsequent compression forces, and of ductile high-strength steel when subject to tension forces. This can result in improved structural capacity and serviceability compared to conventionally reinforced concrete in many situations.

The resistance offered by a structure to undesirable movement like sliding, collapsing and over turning etc. is called stability. Structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the structures is unaffected by small perturbations.

The process of implementing a damage detection and characterization strategy for Engineering Structures is referred to Structural Health Monitoring. It is to determine the ability of the structure to continue to perform its desired function and making appropriate decisions or recommendations about mission and maintenance actions based on structural health assessment data in light of the inevitable ageing and de gradation resulting from the operational environments.